Ụwa nke Ego Ncheta (DeFi) bụ ihe ọhụrụ na-adọrọ adọrọ, ọ bụ mgbasawanye ego nke e wuru na ntọala nke teknụzụ blockchain. Ọ na-enye olileanya maka ọdịnihu nke ọrụ ego mepere emepe, nke na-enweghị ikike, na nke doro anya, site na ịnye na ịrịọ ego ruo na inweta uru na ịzụ ahịa akụ, niile n’enweghị onye nlekọta etiti. N’obi mgbanwe a bụ smart

nkà—koodu nke na-eme onwe ya nke na-akọwa iwu na-eme ka ihe omume nke azụmahịa ọ bụla bụrụ nke a na-akpọ. Otú ọ dị, ike a pụrụ iche na-abịa na nnukwu ọrụ. Okwu ochie "koodu bụ iwu" na mpaghara DeFi pụtara na enweghị nọmba ekwentị ọrụ ndị ahịa ịkpọ ma ọ bụrụ na ihe na-ezighị ezi. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere njehie na koodu, ego nwere ike ịla n'iyi na ngwa ngwa.

n'anya. Maka ikpo okwu dị ka&nbsp;Exbix, nke a na-enye ụzọ nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi n'ime akụ na ụba crypto, ịghọta ihe ize ndụ ndị a dị mkpa maka ndị ọrụ anyị. Nke a bụ nduzi zuru ezu ga-enyocha ụwa nke nchekwa nkwekọrịta smart. Anyị ga-eme ka ihe ize ndụ a na-ahụkarị doo anya, nyochaa mmebi akụkọ ifo, na, nke kachasị mkpa, kwadebe gị

na ọmụma iji mee njem n'ala DeFi nke ọma. Cheta, ndị ọrụ nwere ọmụma bụ ndị nchekwa. Na mgbe ị na-enyocha nnukwu ohere nke crypto, ị nwere ike ịzụ ahịa nnukwu njikọ dịka&nbsp;BNB/USDT&nbsp;na&nbsp;ETH/USDT&nbsp;na anyị nchekwa na enyi na enyi&nbsp;<a href="https://exbix.com/exchange/dashboard?coin_pair=BNB_USDT" target="_blank"

rel="noreferrer noopener">Exbix mgbanwe dashboard</a>. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Ịntroduction: Ndagharị abụọ nke DeFi</h4> DeFi ejirila ọtụtụ ijeri dollar nke akụ dijitalụ. Ọnụ ahịa a buru ibu na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka ndị na-eme ihe ike na-enyocha mgbe niile maka adịghị ike. Otu njehie nwere ike ibute ọnwụ nke na-eru ijeri dollar.

dọla, na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi ndị na-etinye ego daa ma na-eme ka mmepe kwụsị. Ma nke a abụghị ihe kpatara ịkwụsị. Kama nke ahụ, ọ bụ oku maka ịmụ na ịma jijiji. Site n'ịghọta otú a si eme ihe ndị a, ma ndị na-emepụta na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịnye aka n'ịmepụta usoro nke nwere ike ịchịkọta. Maka ndị na-achọ ịgbanwe atụmatụ azụmaahịa ha n'elu ahịa ebe a na-ere, ịghọta ihe ize ndụ ndị a bụkwa

nke a na-eme mkpebi na ngwaahịa ndị siri ike na&nbsp;<a href="https://exbix.com/futures/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exbix Futures</a>&nbsp;platform anyị. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Part 1: Ndụmọdụ &ndash; Gịnị bụ Smart Contracts &amp; Kedu maka na ha bụ ndị nwere ike ịda?</h4> Smart contract bụ naanị mmemme a na-echekwa na blockchain nke na-arụ ọrụ mgbe

ncheta ọnọdụ e mere. A na-ejikarị ha eme ka mmezu nke nkwekorita na-eme ka ndị niile sonyere nwee ike ịma n'ozuzu ihe ga-eme, na-enweghị itinye onye ọzọ ma ọ bụ itinye oge. Gịnị mere ha ji bụrụ ihe dị mfe ịrịọ? <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Immutability:&nbsp;Ozugbo e wepụtara ha, ọ na-esiri ike ịgbanwe ha.

mgbanwe. N'ịbụ nke a na koodu, njehie ọ bụla dị na ya nọgide na-adịru mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme atụmatụ maka mmegharị pụrụ iche site na mmalite.</li> <li>Ịdị mgbagwoju anya:&nbsp;Usoro DeFi bụ nke dị mgbagwoju anya nke ukwuu, na-emekarị ka ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta na-emekọrịta. Ịdị mgbagwoju anya a na-eme ka &ldquo;ogologo mwakpo.&rdquo;</li> <li>Ịkọrịta (Ego Legos):&nbsp; Nke a bụ

Njirimara kachasị ukwuu nke DeFi na ihe egwu ya kachasị. A na-ewu usoro iji rụọ ọrụ ọnụ. Nsogbu na otu usoro nwere ike ịbawanye na ndị ọzọ nke na-adabere na ya.</li> <li>Koodu Ọha:&nbsp;Mgbe ọdịdị mepere emepe na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi, ọ pụkwara ịpụta na ndị na-emebi iwu nwere ike nyochaa koodu ahụ ruo ọtụtụ awa, na-achọ njehie otu.</li> <li>The Oracle

Nsogbu:&nbsp;Nkwekọrịta chọrọ data si n'èzí (dịka, ọnụahịa nke ihe). Data a na-abịa site na &ldquo;oracles.&rdquo; Ọ bụrụ na oracle e mebiri ma ọ bụ gbanwee, nkwekọrịta ndị na-adabere na ya ga-eme ihe dabere na ozi na-ezighị ezi.</li> </ul> Tupu anyị abanye na ọdịda teknụzụ, ọ dị mma mgbe niile iji jide n'aka na ọrụ azụmahịa gị bụ na ikpo okwu nchekwa.

Ị nwere ike ịlele ọnụahịa na mmegharị kachasị ọhụrụ maka akụ dị iche iche na&nbsp;<a href="https://exbix.com/markets" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exbix Markets</a>&nbsp;peeji. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Part 2: Mmetụta na Nchedo nke Smart Contract</h4> Ka anyị nyochaa ụdị mmejọ kachasị ewu ewu nke na-eduga na ihe dị mkpa.

nwụcha na DeFi. 1. Mgbasa Ozi Reentrancy: Ncheta Nnukwu Mgbasa ozi reentrancy bụ ihe kacha mara amara na mmejọ nkịtị, nke a na-egosipụta nke ọma site na&nbsp;DAO hack&nbsp;na 2016, nke butere ọnwụ nke 3.6 nde ETH na mgbasa Ethereum siri ike na-esote. <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Kedu ihe ọ bụ?&nbsp;Mgbasa ozi reentrancy

na-eme mgbe nkwekorita na-emebi iwu na-akpọghachite na nkwekorita na-akpọ tupu arụmọrụ mbụ zuru ezu. Nke a nwere ike inye onye na-emebi iwu ohere ịwepụ ego ugboro ugboro tupu ego ha emelitere.</li> <li>Olee otú ọ si arụ ọrụ: <ol class="wp-block-list" start="1"> <li>Nkwekorita A nwere&nbsp;<code>withdraw()</code>&nbsp;ọrụ nke na-eziga ETH na onye ọrụ

na&nbsp;nke ahụ&nbsp;na-emezigharị ụgwọ nke onye ọrụ.</li> <li>Kontrakt B nke onye mwakpo na-akpọ&nbsp;<code>withdraw()</code>.</li> <li>Kontrakt A na-eziga ETH na Kontrakt B.</li> <li>Kontrakt B nwere&nbsp;<code>fallback()</code>&nbsp;ọrụ (nke na-anata ETH) nke&nbsp;ozugbo&nbsp;na-akpọ&nbsp;<code>withdraw()</code>&nbsp;n'ọrụ A ọzọ.</li> <li>Kontrakt A

enweghịzi emelitere ụgwọ onye na-ataka, ya mere, ọ na-ahụ na Contract B ka nwere ikike ịnata ETH ọzọ ma zipu ya ọzọ.</li> <li>Okwu a na-aga n'ihu, na-ehichapụ Contract A, ruo mgbe gas nke azụmahịa kwụsịrị ma ọ bụ na nkwekorita adịghị.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Ihe Nlereanya A Ma Ama:&nbsp;Nchedo DAO (2016).</li> <li>Otu esi Zere Ya: <ul class="wp-block-list">

<li>Jiri usoro Nyochaa-Mmetụta-Nkekọrịta:&nbsp; Nke a bụ iwu ọlaedo. N'oge niile: <ol class="wp-block-list" start="1"> <li>Nyochaa&nbsp;ọnọdụ niile (dịka, &nbsp;<code>require(balances[msg.sender] &gt;= amount);</code>).</li> <li>Melite&nbsp;ọnọdụ niile nke ime (emere) (dịka, &nbsp;<code>balances[msg.sender] -=

ọnụgụ;</code>).</li> <li>Mgbe ahụ, jikọọ na nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ EOAs (njikọ) (e.g.,&nbsp;<code>msg.sender.call{value: amount}("");</code>).</li> </ol> </li> <li>Jiri Nchedo Reentrancy:&nbsp;OpenZeppelin na-enye&nbsp;<code>ReentrancyGuard</code>&nbsp;modifier nke na-emechi ọrụ n'oge mmezu ya, na-egbochi oku mgbakwunye.</li> </ul> </li>

</ul> 2. Ọrụ Nchegbu Oracle Nkwekọrịta smart na-achọkarị data nke ụwa. Oracles bụ ọrụ ndị na-enye data a. Ịgbanwe ọnụahịa nke oracles na-enye bụ ụzọ mwakpo mbụ. <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Kedu ihe ọ bụ?&nbsp;Onye mwakpo na-agbanwe ọnụahịa nke akụ na ahịa na-enweghị njikọ (DEX) nwere obere liquidity iji

gbaa oru nke protocol&rsquo;s oracle ka o mee ka ọ na-akọ ọnụahịa na-ezighị ezi.</li> <li>Otu o si arụ ọrụ: <ol class="wp-block-list" start="1"> <li>Oru ịkwụ ụgwọ na-eji ọnụahịa DEX&rsquo;s dị ka oracle ya iji chọpụta ego ole ka a pụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ megide nkwado.</li> <li>Onye mwakpo na-ewepụ ụgwọ ngwa ngwa iji wepụ mmiri site na njikọ azụmahịa, sị, ABC/ETH, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mmiri.</li>

<li>Onye na-eme ihe ike ahụ na-ere obere ego ABC iji mee ka ọnụahịa ya gbanwee n'ọnọdụ ETH na ọdọ mmiri nke ugbu a adịghị enwe mmiri.</li> <li>Oracle nke protocol na-agụ ọnụahịa a na-emegharị.</li> <li>Onye na-eme ihe ike ahụ na-eji ABC a na-emegharị dị ka nkwado iji nweta nnukwu ego nke ndị ọzọ, nke na-adịghị emegharị, site na protocol.</li> <li>Onye na-eme ihe ike ahụ na-akwụ ụgwọ nke flash loan, na ọnụahịa ABC</li>

na-ezighị onwe ya, ma protokọl ahụ na-ahapụ na-enweghị uru collateral na nnukwu ụgwọ ọjọọ.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Ihe Nlereanya A Ma Ama:&nbsp;Nchekwa Harvest Finance ($34 nde efu), ihe omume DAI nke Compound.</li> <li>Otu I Si Zere Ya: <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Jiri Oracles Dị Na-enweghị Ụgwọ:&nbsp;Jiri netwọk oracle siri ike dịka Chainlink, nke

nchịkọta data site na ọtụtụ ọdụ dị iche iche na isi mmalite, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gbanwee.</li> <li>Jiri Oge-Nkeji Nkwụsịrị (TWAPs):&nbsp;Iji ọnụahịa nkeji n'ogbe oge (dịka, nkeji 30) kama ọnụahịa ozugbo na-eme ka mmegharị nkeji dị mkpirikpi ghara inwe uru.</li> <li>Jiri ọtụtụ isi mmalite data:&nbsp;Emeghị

dabere na mmiri ego nke DEX otu maka ozi ọnụahịa dị mkpa.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> 3. Integer Overflows na Underflows Ngwaọrụ kọmputa nwere oke na otú ọnụ ọgụgụ si buru ibu. Otu&nbsp;<code>uint256</code>&nbsp;(nọmba na-enweghị akara) na Solidity nwere uru kachasị nke&nbsp;<code>2^256 - 1</code>. <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Kedu ihe ọ bụ? <ul

class="wp-block-list"> <li>Overflow:&nbsp;Mgbe omume (dịka mgbakwunye) na-ebute nọmba karịrị uru kachasị, ọ na &ldquo;agbagharị&rdquo; na nọmba dị ukwuu nke ukwuu.</li> <li>Underflow:&nbsp;Mgbe omume (dịka iwepụ) na-ebute nọmba dị n'okpuru zero (maka unsigned integers, nke na-adịghị ike ịbụ nke na-adịghị mma), ọ na-agbagharị na nọmba dị ukwuu.

nọmba.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Otu o si arụ ọrụ: <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Otu ngwugwu nke&nbsp;<code>100</code>&nbsp;tokens. Onye ọrụ na-eji&nbsp;<code>101</code>. Nchịkọta&nbsp;<code>100 - 101</code>&nbsp;ga-abawanye, na-eme ka ngwugwu bụrụ&nbsp;<code>2^256 - 1</code>, na-enye onye ọrụ ngwugwu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ enweghị njedebe.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Otu esi zere

It: <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Jiri Solidity 0.8.x ma ọ bụ nke dị elu:&nbsp;Ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta na-enyocha n'ozuzu maka overflow/underflow ma weghachite azụmahịa mgbe ha na-eme.</li> <li>Jiri SafeMath maka ndị nchịkọta ochie:&nbsp;Ọbá akwụkwọ SafeMath nke OpenZeppelin na-enye ọrụ maka arụmọrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ nke ọma tupu v0.8.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> 4.

Ndụmọdụ Nchekwa Ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta nwere ọrụ ndị kwesịrị ịbụ nke a na-edobe na adreesị ụfọdụ (dịka, onye nwe, onye nchịkwa). <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Kedu ihe ọ bụ?&nbsp;Ọrụ dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ nke usoro (dịka, imelite nkwekọrịta, ịmepụta token ọhụrụ, ịgbanwe ụgwọ) na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ nke ọha kama ka e chebe ya site na a

modifier dịka&nbsp;<code>onlyOwner</code>.</li> <li>Ụzọ Mara Amara:&nbsp;Nchekwa Wallet Parity (2017), ebe onye ọrụ na-ezighị ezi kpọgara ọrụ nke mere ka ha bụrụ onye nwe nkwekorita ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ma mesịa &ldquo;kwụsịrị ndụ&rdquo; ya, na-ejide ~500,000 ETH ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.</li> <li>Otu I Si Zere Ya: <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Jiri Nchekwa Nchekwa

Modifiers:&nbsp;Jiri modifiers dị ka OpenZeppelin&rsquo;s&nbsp;<code>Ownable</code>&nbsp;ma ọ bụ&nbsp;<code>AccessControl</code>&nbsp;iji doo anya na a na-ejide ọrụ ndị dị mkpa. </li> <li>Nyere Nyocha na Nnwale nke ọma:&nbsp;Nnwale akpaaka kwesịrị ịlele nke ọma na ndị ọrụ na-enweghị ikike enweghị ike ịkpọ ọrụ ndị nwere ikike. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> 5. Frontrunning na Transaction

Ịtụgharị Nchekwa Na blockchain, azụmahịa bụ ọha na mempool tupu e mụọ ha. Ndị na-emepụta ego na-ahọrọ ha ka ha banye na blọk, na-emekarị ịhọrọ ndị nwere ụgwọ gas dị elu. <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Kedu ihe ọ bụ?&nbsp;Onye na-emebi iwu na-ahụ azụmahịa bara uru (dịka, nnukwu azụmahịa ga-eme ka ọnụahịa gbanwee) na mempool ma nyefee nke ha.

transaction na nwere ụgwọ gas dị elu ka emechara mbụ.</li> <li>Otu o si arụ ọrụ: <ol class="wp-block-list" start="1"> <li>Onye ọrụ A na-eziga azụmahịa iji zụta 10,000 XYZ tokens, nke ga-eme ka ọnụahịa ahụ dị elu nke ukwuu.</li> <li>Onye mwakpo B hụrụ azụmahịa a ma ngwa ngwa na-eziga azụmahịa iji zụta XYZ mbụ, na ụgwọ gas dị elu.</li> <li>Onye na-emepụta na-emezu azụmahịa nke Onye mwakpo B&rsquo;s

zụta iwu mbụ. Ọnụahịa nke XYZ na-arị elu.</li> <li>Oru User A&rsquo;me na-eme na ọnụahịa ọhụrụ, nke dị elu.</li> <li>Onye mwakpo B na-ere XYZ tokens ha zụtara n’oge ahụ, na-enweta uru site na ọdịiche ọnụahịa nke User A&rsquo;me.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Otu esi zere ya: <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Jiri Submarine Sends:&nbsp;Usoro dịka iji

schemes nkwu-ikwu, ebe ebumnuche na-eziga mbụ na omume na-apụta mgbe e mesịrị.</li> <li>Jiri Flash Bots:&nbsp;Na Ethereum, ọrụ dị ka Flashbots na-echebe azụmahịa pụọ na frontrunning site n'ịzipụ ha ozugbo na ndị na-ere ọkụ.</li> <li>Hazie Slippage Tolerance:&nbsp;Na DEXs, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịtọ ntọala kacha elu nke slippage tolerance iji gbochie azụmahịa ka emee na

ọnụ ahịa nke na-adịghị mma nke ukwuu.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> (&hellip; Akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu maka ~4100 okwu, na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma dịka Njehie Logic, Rug Pulls, Flash Loan Attacks, na akụkụ buru ibu banyere Otu esi echebe onwe gị dịka Onye ọrụ na Usoro kacha mma maka Ndị mmepe &hellip;) <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Part 5: Otu esi echebe onwe gị dịka Onye ọrụ DeFi</h4>

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị mmepe nwere ọrụ nke ide koodu nchekwa, ndị ọrụ ga-eme ka ha na-eme ihe nlekọta. Nke a bụ otu ị ga-esi chebe ego gị: <ol class="wp-block-list" start="1"> <li>Mee Nnyocha Gị (DYOR):&nbsp;Echela ka ị tinye ego na ọrụ ị maghị. Gụọ akwụkwọ ha, ghọta tokenomics ha.</li> <li>Lelee maka Nyocha:&nbsp;Ọ bụ na...

ọrụ ahụ e nyochara site na ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama dịka ConsenSys Diligence, Trail of Bits, CertiK, ma ọ bụ Quantstamp? Gụọ akụkọ nyocha! Nkwupụta: Nnyocha abụghị nkwenye, ma enweghị ya bụ nnukwu akara ọjọọ.</li> <li>Jụọ Anonymity Team:&nbsp;Nwee nchekwube pụrụ iche na ndị otu na-enweghị aha. Ọ bụ ezie na nzuzo bụ ikike, anonymity na-eme ka &ldquo;rug pulls&rdquo; dị mfe ime na-enweghị

n'ikwe.</li> <li>Malite na obere:&nbsp;Ekwela ka ị tinye ego karịrị nke ị na-achọ ịlụ. Nyochaa usoro ahụ na obere ego mbụ.</li> <li>Jiri Ngwá Ọrụ Wallet:&nbsp;Ngwá ọrụ wallet na-echekwa igodo gị nkeonwe na offline, na-enye nchebe dị mkpa pụọ na malware na saịtị phishing. Mgbe ị na-ejikọta wallet gị na dApp ọhụrụ, lelee URLs nke ọma.</li>

<li>Ghọta Ihe Ụjọ nke Ọhụrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ:&nbsp;APY dị elu, nke na-adịghị adịgide adịgide bụkarịrị ihe na-adọta ndị na-emegharị. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ka ihe dị mma karịa ka o kwesịrị ịbụ, ọ na-adịkarị otú ahụ.</li> <li>Na-enyocha Ụzọ Ndị Ọha:&nbsp;Ọ bụ ndị otu na-aza ajụjụ? Ụmụ mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ? Telegram ma ọ bụ Discord nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adịghị mma.</li> </ol> Maka ndị na-ahọrọ ahụmịhe a haziri ahazi, ịmalite

njem trading gị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke a kwadoro ma dị nchebe dịka&nbsp;<a href="https://exbix.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Exbix</a>&nbsp; nwere ike belata ihe ize ndụ ndị a nke ukwuu. Anyị na-elekọta nchekwa nke usoro nrụọrụ weebụ, na-enye gị ohere ịtụle atụmatụ trading gị maka ndị na-emekọrịta dịka&nbsp;ETC/USDT&nbsp;na anyị&nbsp;<a

href="https://exbix.com/exchange/dashboard?coin_pair=ETC_USDT" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ndị na-ahụ maka azụmahịa</a>. <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Mmechi: Ọrụ Nkọwapụta maka Ọdịnihu Dị Mma</h4> Obodo DeFi bụ ebe ọhụụ nke mmepe na ohere na-enweghị atụ, mana ọ nweghịkwa ihe ize ndụ. Nchekwa nkwekọrịta smart abụghị naanị a

ncheta teknụzụ maka ndị mmepe; ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ozuzu ecosystem. Ndị mmepe ga-etinye ihe n'uche nyocha siri ike, nkwenye iwu, na nyocha ọkachamara. Ndị ọrụ ga-anabata ịmụ na ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị nchebe. Ụzọ gara aga iji nweta ecosystem DeFi nke ọma bụ nke na-aga n'ihu. Site n'ịghọta ihe ndị na-emebi emebi, ịmụta site na mmebi gara aga, na inwe echiche nke nchekwa mbụ,

anyị niile nwere ike ịkwado iwulite ọdịnihu akụ na ụba nke nwere ikike na ntụkwasị obi. Nkw promise nke DeFi dị ukwuu nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka a hapụ ya n'ịhụnanya. A ga-ewulite ya, nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ, n'isi nke nchekwa na ntụkwasị obi. Nọgidenụ na nchekwa, nọgidenụ na ozi, ma nwee obi ụtọ n'ahịa na&nbsp;Exbix

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